(viii) Chlorosis caused by virus, for which no control measure is known. 2. ⢠Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench) was probably initially domesticated in central Africa, in the region of Etiopia and Sudan. are grown as Kharif crops i.e. The annual area under it ranges between 17 and 18 million hectares and the annual production between 8 and 10 PRACTICAS 4. North Western states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh provide some important contribution. Leaf blades very similar to those of maize plant, but more erect. In India, jowar plant is grown in areas with less than 100 cm rainfall and temperature ranging from 26 deg to 33 deg C. After wheat, the sorghum or jowar is the grain with the highest cultivable land in the country. belongs to the family Gramineae. Inflorescence is somewhat compact panicle except in certain types. In irrigated areas, 57 to 68 kg of nitrogen, 62.5 kg of phosphate and 35 kg potash per hectare may be applied as the first dose, which may be followed by the second dose of nitrogen at the rate of 57 to 68 kg, 30 to 40 days after sowing. Image of crop, grow, asia - 105501549 In India, Tamil Nadu is the highest producer of this staple crop and this is followed by Uttar Pradesh. Much higher yields of 6,000-7,000 kg have been obtained under optimal conditions. The plants are cultivated in warmer climates worldwide. Mixed cropping of jowar-arhar is very common. Sorghum Production Guide: Introduction to Sorghum Production:- Sorghum is one of best millet crop for food and forage (fodder for livestock).This provides very good staple food in highly populated countries in Asia. Besides being a staple diet for the poorer section of the society, it is also used for animal feed and industrial raw materials. These plants are used for grain, fibre and fodder. Karnataka, AndhraPradesh, TamilNadu. From the point of view of production, it is grown as a Rabi and kharif crop and also in summers. The land is prepared well with ploughs or blade harrows. SORGHUM CROP. Over the decades, the area under production of jowar and its total output has gone down. In the lower floret, only lemma present, which is broad, usually pubescent and membranous. Planking is then followed allowing the clods to break and make the field leveled. Harvesting and threshing are done manually. cultivation practices of Kharif jowar, whereas land holding, annual income, family type, social participation, source of information and market orientation were having non-significantly relationship with knowledge of the farmers about improved cultivation practices of Kharif Sorghums are generally 95 per cent self-pollinated in the field. Soils having good water holding capacity, rich in humus are best suited. When the spikelets are paired, one is sessile and perfect, the other pedicelled and staminate. Ragi may be grown as a hot weather crop, from May to September, using long duration varieties and as a cold season crop, from November and December, using early types. (ix) Head smut caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana, which can be controlled by treating the seed with Agrosan GN @ 2 g/kg, practising crop rotation and burning smutted ears. Jowar. MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science with Answers was Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. The mature grains vary in shape; may be globular, pear-shaped or flattened. It is used primarily as a livestock feed and fodder. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgarePers. Some of the common insect pests of jowar are: (i) Shoot fly (Atherigona soccata), which can be controlled by adjusting the sowing date, increasing the seed-rate, uprooting and destroying infested seedlings, treating the seed with Carbofuran (20 :1) or by applying 3% Carbofuran, 5% Disulfoton or 10% Phorate granules. Ligule short membranous and fringed. It is similar in appearance to corn. Development of commercial hybrids began in 1962. The main field should be made to fine tilth by plowing and leveling for in ⦠Soil. Eight hybrids, CSH-1 to CSH-8, and seven high-yielding varieties, CSV-1 to CSV-7, were released for large-scale cultivation some years ago. Wheat flower. Uploader Agreement. Changes may be made in different areas in the rotations to be followed. Although there is enough scope, grain sorghum is not now used widely as a feed for cattle, poultry ration and other industrial purposes. The cereal plant of jowar came up in historic times in the present day Ethiopia and east central Africa. Whereas out of the total production of Jowar in the nation, 52% is from Maharashtra. barley, getreideanbau, barley cultivation, cereals, field, spike, grain, agriculture, cornfield, hordeum vulgare, hordeum licorice Public Domain It grows anywhere between 2 8ft tall. Moreover, coarse grains are more adaptable and tolerable towards climate shocks when compared to other crops. A two-year rotation of jowar-cotton is very common during kharif in the Deccan area and also in central plateau, whereas during Rabi, jowar-cotton, jowar-gram or jowar-jowar rotations are common. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) Forms with long internodes tend to be more glabrous than those with shorter ones. Importance of jowar as a crop is seen in its usage as animal feed and fodder, grown mostly in arid and semi arid climates of the world as well as in India. (v) Bed leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum graminicola, which can be controlled by growing resistant varieties, practising crop rotation and improving soil fertility. For cultivation of jowar, the soil requirement in India is usually regur soil, with clayey and alluvium properties. Food habits cause a drop in jowar cultivation; This story is from December 12, 2018. Among the different kinds of cereal crops in India, jowar occupies a major prominence. Jowar or sorghum belongs to the Graminae family and grows to a height of about 4 mts. It was cultivated in India and China at a very early date, the former being one of the leading countries now in respect of its production. Geographical Conditions of Growth: It is a rainfed crop mostly grown in moist areas which hardly needs irrigation. as monsoon or autumn crops cultivated between June to November, as their moisture and rainfall requirements are such. Most of the improved varieties now available have been developed by pure line selection in local varieties. Cultivation. At maturity, they may be from half to two- thirds the length of the seed; at times, equaling the seed-length. It will grow up to a height of 4 m. Sorghum is grown in India in a wide range of soil types. There are many species of this particular genus that is used for cultivation such as Triticum sativum, Triticum polonicum, Triticum monococcum, etc.However, Triticum sativum is the most cultivated wheat variety. STUDENT JOSE MARINO ARAUJO MENDOZA. Equal emphasis is now being laid on hybrid as well as on true-breeding varieties. Each fertile spikelet has 2 glumes, about equal in length, one outer and another inner; both nerved. Sesame crop for water, light, space and nutrients. (vii) Mites (Oligonychus indicus), which can be controlled by dusting sulphur or spraying 0.05% wettable sulphur. A wide range of variability is exhibited by Indian sorghums in respect of duration and grain quality. Agriculture, Millet Crops, Sorghum, Cultivation, How to, Cultivate Sorghum. One more advantage of this crop is that it can be grown in both Kharif and Rabi season. Seeds are sown with a seed-drill in rows, 30-45 cm apart. Jowar Production in India In India, jowar plant is grown in areas with less than 100 cm rainfall and temperature ranging from 26 deg to 33 deg C. After wheat, the sorghum or jowar is the grain with the highest cultivable land in the country. Lateral branches develop at the nodes. After wheat, the maximum amount of cultivated land in India is used for growing Jowar. ⢠Subsecuently, cultivation of sorghum spread througout Africa and Asia and finally to the Americas and Australia. Report a Violation 11. Next to wheat, the biggest cultivated land in India is utilized to produce jowar.This Indian food crop is cultivated in areas that receive less than 100 cm of rainfall annually. Copyright 10. Disclaimer 8. TEACHER HECTOR GORDON. Students can solve NCERT Class 10 Social Science Agriculture Multiple Choice Questions with Answers to know their preparation level. Prohibited Content 3. Before uploading and sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Well drained light soils are ideal. In India average size of land holdings was 2.30 hectares in 1950-51 which reduced to 1.52 hectares in 2008-09. Total area of 184 lakh hectares in 1961 has come down to about 92 lakh hectares in 2003. While weeds are a problem in red soils in kharif, they are not quite serious in black soils. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world belongs to the family Poaceae. The main axis varies in length. Seeds are rounded and pointed at the base, the color being brownish, yellow, pink or white. In rain-fed areas, 37.5 kg each of nitrogen and phosphate and 35 kg of potash per hectare may be applied as the first dose, at the time of sowing. In comparison to other cereal food items, jowar has a significant value. Spikelets usually occur in pairs on terminal racemes, except towards the tip, where they may occur in threes. The entire plant is used as forage, hay or silage. The crop is also grown in Bundelkhand area in UP. For raising a good crop of jowar, manuring is essential. Medium and deep black soils are very suitable for growing it. (vi) Hairy caterpillars (Amsacta moorei and Estigmene lactinae), which can be controlled by dusting 10% BHC. It was probably in the first millennium that jowar plants were brought from African countries into India. The average rainfall in the sorghum belt generally ranges from 40 to 100 cm, which is usually received between the last week of June and the first week of October in most parts of India. Known as sorghum in English, Jowar is globally being touted as the ânew quinoaâ for its gluten-free, whole grain goodness. (vi) Ascochyta leaf spot caused by Ascochyta sorghina, which can be controlled by growing resistant varieties, practising crop rotation and improving soil fertility. (ii) Grain smut caused by Sphacelotheca sorghi, which can be controlled by treating the seed with sulphur or Agrosan GN before sowing @ 5 g/kg and 2 g/kg respectively. Account Disable 12. Small farms produce 41 ⦠Read more "Agricultural Production and Cultivation in Uttarakhand" For raising a good crop of jowar, manuring is essential. Output in the country is about 4.3% among the cereals in the country. 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