and trans., We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 30. The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún. Sahagún originally titled it: La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva España (in English: The Universal History of the Things of New Spain ). [29] Art historian Diana Magaloni Kerpel deduced that twenty-two artists worked on the images in the Codex. First key term is codex, a book made of handwritten pages. The Florentine Codex Misrendered images reßect imperfect literacy " Colonial Transcription El … [10], The three-volume manuscript of the Florentine Codex has been intensely analyzed and compared to earlier drafts found in Madrid. [5], In 1575 the Council of the Indies banned all scriptures in the indigenous languages and forced Sahagún to hand over all of his documents about the Aztec culture and the results of his research. Anderson and Charles Dibble,[13] an important contribution to the scholarship on Mesoamerican ethno-history. My name is Ian McConnell and today's lesson is about the Florentine Codex. He had three overarching goals for his research: Sahagún conducted research for several decades, edited and revised his work over several decades, created several versions of a 2,400-page manuscript, and addressed a cluster of religious, cultural and nature themes. [citation needed] Sahagún's methods for gathering information from the perspective within a foreign culture were highly unusual for this time. Sahagún was particularly interested in Nahua medicine. Book Eleven, "Earthly Things," has the most text and approximately half of the drawings in the codex. Color was also used as a vehicle to impart knowledge that worked in tandem with the image itself. Some passages appear to be the transcription of spontaneous narration of religious beliefs, society or nature. Although this was originally written in Nahuatl, only the Latin translation has survived. [32][33] A number of the images have Christian elements, which Peterson has described as "Christian editorializing. 218-220 in Florence, Italy, with the title Florentine Codex chosen by its English translators, Arthur J.O. After a translation mistake, it was given the name Historia general de las Cosas de Nueva España. [ 1 ] Many thousands of people died, including friars and students at the school. He developed a methodology with the following elements: These methodological innovations substantiate historians' claim that Sahagún was the first anthropologist. Today's objectives, the things you're going to learn today, are listed below. [4] In 2015, Sahagúns work was declared a World Heritage by the UNESCO. [21] Both men present descriptions of the cosmos, society and nature of the late medieval paradigm. The missionary Sahagún had the goal of evangelizing the indigenous Mesoamerican peoples, and his writings were devoted to this end. And can you identify pages from the Florentine Codex? "[34] The entirety of the Codex is characterized by the Nahua belief that the use of color activates the image and causes it to embody the true nature, or ixiptla, of the object or person depicted. I'll see you next time. Although many of the images show evidence of European influence, a careful analysis by one scholar posits that they were created by "members of the hereditary profession of tlacuilo or native scribe-painter. General History of the Things of New Spain. The information he collected is a major contribution to the history of medicine generally. [20] Additionally, in one of the prologues, Sahagún assumes full responsibility for dividing the Nahuatl text into books and chapters, quite late into the evolution of the Codex (approximately 1566-1568). Sahagún was among the first people to develop an array of strategies for gathering and validating knowledge of indigenous New World cultures. Essentially it is three integral texts: (1) in Nahuatl; (2) a Spanish text; (3) pictorials. It is annotated in Nahuatl and details the preconquest history of the Valley of Mexico, and Texcoco in particular, from the arrival of the Chichimeca under the king Xolotl in the year 5 Flint (1224) to the Tepanec War in 1427. The drawings in this section provide important visual information to amplify the alphabetic text. Ethnography requires scholars to practice empathy with persons very different from them, and to try to suspend their own cultural beliefs in order to enter into, understand, and explain the worldview of those living in another culture. [28] The figures were drawn in black outline first, with color added later. Sophia partners Several different artists' hands have been identified, and many questions about their accuracy have been raised. REP104_10 10/29/08 12:04 … Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. The codex consists of twelve books on many aspects of Nahua culture and language, presented in parallel columns of Nahuatl- and Castilian-language alphabetic text, including many illustrations drawn by Nahua artists. Arthur J. O Anderson, "Sahagún: Career and Character," in, General History of the Things of New Spain by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex, Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal, U Distinguished Professor of Anthropology Professor Charles Dibble Dies, "World Digital Library Adds Florentine Codex", "The work of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499-1590)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florentine_Codex&oldid=999041236, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The Codex Mendoza Tlacuilo: Francisco Gualpuyogualcal Transcription: Juan González . He attempted to capture the totality or complete reality of Aztec culture on its own terms. Anderson and Charles Dibble, following in the tradition of nineteenth-century Mexican scholars Francisco del Paso y Troncoso and Joaquín García Icazbalceta. Deals with gods worshipped by the natives of this land, which is New Spain. A questionnaire such as the following may have been used in this section: The text in this section provides very detailed information about location, cultivation, and medical uses of plants and plant parts, as well as information about the uses of animal products as medicine. James Lockhart has provided us with his transcription of the Nahuatl and its translation to English. '^** A review appeared in the Gentleman's This particular book is about the Spanish invasion of Mexico in 1519 and their eventual consolidation of power in the capital. Some of these images directly support the alphabetic text; others are thematically related; others are for seemingly decorative purposes. I'd like to welcome you to this episode of Exploring Art History with Ian. This is Book 12, Chapter 1 of the Florentine Codex, also known as the General History of the Things of New Spain. It was recorded from 1545 to 1575 by Fr. Other sections include data on minerals, mining, bridges, roads, types of terrain, and food crops. In 1979, the Mexican government published a full-color, three-volume facsimile of the Florentine Codex in a limited edition of 2,000, allowing scholars to have easier access to the manuscript. The Gods. The text is in Nahuatl; World Digital Library. “Ice, Snow and Hail,” Florentine Codex, vol. Now it was written in 13 volumes with the working title of, A General History of the Things of New Spain, and each volume addressed a certain aspect of life for the Aztecs, such as their gods, local plants and animals, such as this butterfly page, customs and festivals, this page is referencing the Aztec calendar, medicine and healing technique. 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