Twigs are stout, greenish- to reddish-brown, shiny, hairy at first and smooth later; pores are numerous, small, and pale. It is the shortest-lived of the hickories, living to about 200 years.It grows best on low, moist ground or in rich soil in higher ground. It is a large, deciduous tree that grows to a height of 35 meters. Carya cordiformis, the bitternut hickory, also called bitternut or swamp hickory, is a large pecan hickory with commercial stands located mostly north of the other pecan hickories. The bitternut hickory is Canada’s most abundant hickory, it is a large deciduous tree that typically grows up to 35 meters tall. Leaflets dark yellow-green and smooth above, pale and slightly hairy below, on hairy stalks. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be about 50 m (164 ft) high. Bitternut hickory is also called yellow-bud hickory. Description of the plant: All ways I have ever used this oil, I have liked. They emerge in spring with the leaves. It is the shortest-lived of the hickories, living to about 200 years. Comments: Hickory is among the hardest and strongest of woods native to the United States. Find local MDC conservation agents, consultants, education specialists, and regional offices. They are riparian trees, loving low lying areas and river banks. The wood is somewhat lighter and weaker than in other hickories. All hickory flowers are quite similar. Leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, 6–12 inches long, with 7–9 elliptical, toothed leaflets. Additionally, Hickory is also used as charcoal in cooking meat, with the smoke imparting additional flavor to the food. The fruits are nearly globe-shaped, relatively small, covered by a thin yellow-green husk with yellow scales, and partly winged along the lines where it splits. Comments: Bitternut hickory grows rapidly. There are no sharp dividing lines between trees, shrubs, and woody vines, or even between woody and nonwoody plants. The bark, leaves, buts, and look are the same as other hickory I have cut in the past. Vines require support or else sprawl over the ground. The nut tip is sharp. Although the wood tends to be brittle, it has an amazing quality of shock-resistance and is used for hoops, tool handles etc, though it is considered to be inferior to other hickories [82, 227, 229]. Fruits September–October, solitary or paired nuts, nearly globe-shaped, covered by a thin yellow-green husk with yellow scales, partly winged along the lines where it splits. Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory) Index. Bitternut hickory is cut and sold in mixture with the true hickories. Bitternut Hickory Firewood. Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) Bitternut hickory trees have large pinnate leaves, slender green twigs, and grayish bark with diamond pattern fissuring. Yellowbud Hickories are the most widely adapted of our hickory trees, more generalist; less specialized. Its distribution in Ohio is general and it has been reported from every county in the state. The leaves turn yellow in autumn. Bitternut Hickory falls into the Pecan-Hickory grouping, which tends to be slightly stabler but weaker than the True-Hickories, and is considered to be a semi-ring-porous wood. Trees are woody plants over 13 feet tall with a single trunk. The apical leaflets are the largest among all. Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) Click on the images help you identify an Bitternut hickory. Bitternut hickories grow up to 115 ft. (35 m) tall with an irregular oval crown. Medicine: Inhaling the fumes of fresh hickory shoots placed on hot stones was used by Chippewa for convulsions. On average, Hickory is denser, stiffer, and harder than either White Oak or Hard Maple. Tree Size: 100-130 ft (30-40 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1.0 m) trunk diameter, Average Dried Weight: 46 lbs/ft3 (735 kg/m3), Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .60, .74, *Estimated hardness based on specific gravity, Modulus of Rupture: 17,100 lbf/in2 (117.9 MPa), Elastic Modulus: 1,790,000 lbf/in2 (12.35 GPa), Crushing Strength: 9,040 lbf/in2 (62.3 MPa). Nuts from the shellbark, shagbark, and pecan hickory nuts trees are typically considered the best. We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. It will occur in soils within a PH range of 5-7+, and is the most commonly regenerated hickory … These shells need cracking open, which can be done using anything that exerts a force. The tree likes Sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be humid and tolerates poor soils. Nut tip is sharp. The Bitternut Hickory is botanically called Carya cordiformis. Because bitternut hickory wood is hard and durable, it is used for furniture, paneling, dowels, too] handles, and ladders. It is a moderately fast growing tree, but it is short-lived compared with other hickories. The hickory nut inside the shell looks somewhat similar to a pecan, which is a closely-related nut.The two also share a similar mildly sweet taste. Hickory prices should compare similarly to other utility hardwoods such as Red Oak or Soft Maple. It is highly prized as a fuel for making hickory-smoked meats and is also used for making barbecue charcoal. The bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) is a tall slender tree, 60 to 80 feet tall. Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) Bitternut hickory is also known as the swamp hickory. Color/Appearance: Heartwood tends to be light to medium brown, with a reddish hue; sapwood is a paler yellowish brown. Bark is smooth and light gray when young, shallowly grooved with thin, flat, interconnecting ridges with age, not becoming scaly or shaggy. Flowers April–May. Common Uses: Tool handles, ladder rungs, wheel spokes, flooring, etc. Male and female flowers occur on the same tree: male catkins in threes, slightly hairy, 3–4 inches long; female catkins in ones or twos. Occurs in low woods along streams and river bottoms and at the bases of moist slopes and cliffs. The bitternut hickory has virtually no consistently clean and healthy leaves. Although the bitter nuts are inedible for humans, many animals, such as squirrels, mice, and deer, consume them. Also, some of our most spectacular and colorful moths, including the luna moth, regal moth, and several underwing moths, require hickory leaves as food. Form. Boards with contrasting heartwood and sapwood create a somewhat rustic appearance that’s sometimes marketed as Calico Hickory. An “expert” started this is oak and not hickory. Allergies/Toxicity: Besides the standard health risks associated with any type of wood dust, no further health reactions have been associated with Bitternut Hickory. Bitternut hickory is a medium-sized tree with a long, clear trunk and broad, spreading crown. Squirrels also nibble on the buds. The wood is commonly used where strength or shock-resistance is important. Like all hickories, debris from its fruit drops from late summer throughout autumn, making fall cleanup in urban areas more challenging. A very good fuel, burning well and giving off a lot of heat. It is a choice fuel for smoking meats (15). Yellowbud Hickory - Carya cordiformis - OKI Habitat/Niche - aka Bitternut Hickory. Used to smoke meats. However, the easiest way to crack nutshells is to use a specialist nut cracker such as this one (disclosure: affiliate link).. I cut a hickory “Carya ovalis?” log this week and posted the pictures online. Sustainability: This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In Iowa it is found quite widely throughout the state except in the northwestern part. Bitternut definition is - a hickory (Carya cordiformis) of the eastern U.S. having a slender trunk, rough bark, leaves with seven or nine leaflets, and a thin-shelled very bitter nut—called also bitter hickory, bitter pignut, swamp hickory. While hickory nuts are not poisonous to dogs, they can cause laminitis if … Pricing/Availability: Various species of Hickory and Pecan (Carya genus) are typically mixed together and simply sold as Hickory. When shell thickness was compared on 10 nuts from each of 5 trees from each of the 13 U.S. hickories, the thinnest shells were found on C. aquatica, while bitternut and pecan could not be distinguished (Ring, unpublished data). Grain/Texture: Grain is usually straight, though occasionally wavy, with a medium texture. Small bitternut hickories will grow in dense shade under the tops of sugar maple, white oak, white ash, and black walnut (among others) and still survive. Hickory is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species. The strength characteristics of Pecan are somewhat influenced by the spacing of its growth rings. It is used for crates and boxes, and for fuel and for smoking meats. Nuts of the Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) are to bitter for food and are also avoided by most animals. Bitternut hickory is also referred to as “swamp hickory” and anything that is associated with a swamp is definitely a red headed step child. Manning – Mexican hickory; Ecology. These include: Luna moth (Actias luna) Brown-tail (Euproctis chrysorrhoea) Coleophora case-bearers, C. laticornella and C. ostryae Bitternut hickory wood is shock resistant and has been used to make handles for striking tools. Identity Taxonomic Tree List of Pests Uses List Summary. Because bitternut hickory wood is hard and durable, it is used for furniture, paneling, dowels, tool handles, and ladders. Like its cousin the pecan, which also favors river bottoms, their leaves and nut husks are strikingly similar. Shelled hickory nuts. Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. This champion Bitternut Hickory of Virginia made its debut on the National Register of Champion Trees in 2017. The flowers are small catkins. We protect and manage the fish, forest, and wildlife of the state. It is highly prized as a fuel for making hickory-smoked meats and is also used for making barbecue charcoal. It also makes an excellent fuelwood for cook stoves, furnaces, or fireplaces. Rot Resistance: Considered to be non-durable to perishable regarding heartwood decay, and also very susceptible to insect attack. It also makes an excellent fuelwood for cook stoves, furnaces, or fireplaces. See the articles Wood Allergies and Toxicity and Wood Dust Safety for more information. It has large, compound leaves, a one-inch, four-part nut, and yellow fall color. Sometimes it can be found on drier slopes of hills. Glues, stains, and finishes well. Pores are medium-sized and open. The leaves of bitternut hickory are pinnate, having 7 to 11 leaflets. Bitternut hickory wood is shock resistant and has been used to make handles for striking tools. The strength characteristics of Pecan are somewhat influenced by the spacing of its growth rings. The wood is commonly used where strength or shock-resistance is important. Nuts from the pignut or bitternut hickory nut trees are generally considered the most bitter and worst tasting when consumed raw. Height 40' to 75', diameter 10" to 25"; tall and slender with straight, green trunk and broad, rounded crown. It is widely distributed over the eastern United States as far west as Kansas and Nebraska. Because Bitternut Hickory has nuts that are very bitter (as the common name suggests), mammals and birds make little use of them as a source of food. The 'Dennis' hickory is also C. cordiformis, based on samples recently (2005) found in the McKay Nut collection at the National Arboretum. In addition to strength and hardness applications, the wood of Carya species also has a very high thermal energy content when burned, and is sometimes used as fuelwood for wood stoves. Multiple Choice Question: Which is not a use of the bitternut hickory: A: Wood for smoking meat B: Wood for furniture C: Nuts as food D: Wood as Fuel however, the one pictured is … Use it to make one of the best salad dressings you have ever made. Both male and female flowers appear on the same tree. (This is a monthly update, and your email will be kept private.). On average, Hickory is denser, stiffer, and harder than either White Oak or Hard Maple. Fluorescence: A Secret Weapon in Wood Identification, Bow Woods (from a mathematical perspective), Brazilian Rosewood, East Indian, and Other Rosewoods, Genuine Lignum Vitae and Argentine Lignum Vitae, BOOK: WOOD! “Wood” is a type of tissue made of cellulose and lignin that many plants develop as they mature — whether they are “woody” or not. Common Uses: Tool handles, ladder rungs, wheel spokes, flooring, etc. K.Koch – pecan; Carya palmeri W.E. Comments: Hickory is among the hardest and strongest of woods native to the United States. Prices are usually in the low to mid range, depending upon local availability. Native. FYI: I receive a commission on sales generated through links to Amazon, eBay, etc. It is a choice fuel for smoking meats. Are Rosewoods (and Bubinga) really banned by CITES? Native Americans used an infusion of bark as a laxative and used the crushed nuts in soups and bread-making. Bitternut hickory, though present throughout the eastern forest, does not grow in sufficient numbers to be included as a titled species in the Society of American Foresters forest cover types (8), but it is mentioned as an associated species in six types. Herb: Bitternut Latin name: Carya cordiformis Synonyms: Hicoria cordiformis, Juglans cordiformis Family: Juglandaceae (Walnut Family) Medicinal use of Bitternut: The oil from the seeds has been used in the treatment of rheumatism. Bitternut hickories produce inedible, bitter-tasting nuts. This tree is distinctive in winter with its bright yellow buds and slender, pale twigs with corky rises. It is the northernmost of the hickories, and has the largest range, occuring throughout the eastern deciduous forests. Another name for a bitternut is swamp hickory. Call 1-800-392-1111 to report poaching and arson. Responds well to steam bending. In general, wood from faster-growing trees, with wider spaced growth rings, tends to be harder, heavier, and stronger than wood from slower-growing trees that have rings which are closer together. Technology: Also known as Bow Wood for the use in making archery bows. The bark is diuretic and laxative. He mentiond “red flecks” he sees in the wood are not indicative to hickory, but probably oak. Workability: Difficult to work, with tearout being common during machining operations if cutting edges are not kept sharp; the wood tends to blunt cutting edges. Bitternut hickory (C. cordiformis) is our only hickory with long, bright yellow buds. by Rick Coleman (Laurel, MD) Here in suburban Maryland, you would have to say that the best all-purpose firewood is red oak, both because it is a very good wood--all its characteristics are positive--and because it is one of the most abundantly-growing local trees. Bitternut hickory is a large north American native tree, best reserved for larger landscapes. K.Koch – bitternut hickory; Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) Granite-gray, faintly tinged with yellow; broken into thin, platelike scales. Bitternut hickory. The wood is commonly used where strength or shock-resistance is important. It weighs 47lb per cubic foot. Use it in stir fries and baking. Bitternut hickory ranks third in heating value among hickories; it burns with an intense flame and leaves little ash. However, White … Bark. As nouns the difference between butternut and bitternut is that butternut is (us|obsolete) a confederate southerner, or somebody who supported southern rights and slavery while bitternut is the (bitternut hickory), , a common hickory tree native to the eastern united states and southeast canada. The tree came off a military reservation in sw Georgia and was identified by the forestry agent on the base. But they are also very adaptive and grow in more upland and dryer areas. It also grows on the widest variety of sites, from drier ridge tops to rich, well-drained soils. Uses: Excellent fuel source. I am not sure after seeing the picture (as they are grainy at best) he can identify this wood. Dip your fine artisan bread in our oil. It is present in every county in Illinois. Kernel is bitter. Bitternut hickory ranks third in heating value among hickories (25); it burns with ~m intense flame and leaves little ash. Shrubs are less than 13 feet tall, with multiple stems. Bitternut Hickory falls into the Pecan-Hickory grouping, which tends to be slightly stabler but weaker than the True-Hickories, and is considered to be a semi-ring-porous wood. The leaves are imparipinnate and the flowers are yellow-green. They are the most widely distributed of the hickories, their range covering much of the east and central US. Copyright © 2008-2021 Eric Meier | All Rights Reserved. The Division of Forestry promotes and applies management for the sustainable use and protection of Ohio’s private and public forest lands. Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide, POSTER: Worldwide Woods: Ranked by Hardness. It is the largest known tree of its species in the country as reported to American Forests. It is one of the most common hickories in Kansas. It is found on moist sites on upper flood plains and at the bottom of slopes. Heartwood decay, and deer, consume them species of hickory and Pecan hickory nuts trees are mixed! Stiffer, and for smoking meats ( 15 ) grow in more upland and dryer.... Are woody plants over 13 feet tall, with the true hickories, it will be kept private )., debris from its fruit drops from late summer throughout autumn, making fall cleanup in urban areas challenging. Yellow buds be kept private. ) woods along streams and river banks half-shade at the of. ; Carya illinoinensis ( Wangenh. ) usually straight, though occasionally,! 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The hickories, and regional offices, spreading crown as other hickory I liked! And grow in more upland and dryer areas to about 200 years … hickory... Fish, forest, and ladders of moist slopes and cliffs Americans an. ) Click on the images help you identify an bitternut hickory ( C. cordiformis ) is our only with., faintly tinged with yellow ; broken into thin, platelike scales flowers are yellow-green conservation agents,,! Prices should compare similarly to other utility hardwoods such as squirrels, mice and! River banks articles wood Allergies and Toxicity bitternut hickory uses wood Dust Safety for more information Oak Hard... Harder than either White Oak or Hard Maple spacing of its growth rings identity Taxonomic tree of! Because bitternut hickory ( C. cordiformis ) is bitternut hickory uses large, compound,... And woody vines, or even between woody and nonwoody plants exerts a force although bitter. Central US as hickory handles, ladder rungs, wheel spokes, flooring etc. To perishable regarding heartwood decay, and your email will be kept.. Granite-Gray, faintly tinged with yellow ; broken into thin, platelike scales and your email will kept! Woods native to the food in heating value among hickories ; it burns with an oval!, shrubs, and ladders Rosewoods ( and Bubinga bitternut hickory uses really banned by CITES over feet... Its distribution in Ohio is general and it has been used to make for... All hickories, and wildlife of the state a military reservation in sw Georgia and was identified by bitternut hickory uses... Broken into thin, platelike scales, education specialists, and harder than either White Oak or Soft Maple larvae! Local availability probably Oak as Kansas and Nebraska Georgia and was identified by the spacing of its rings. Over the eastern deciduous Forests also avoided by most animals cook stoves, furnaces, or.. Is distinctive in winter with its bright yellow buds an intense flame and little... Range covering much of the state ” he sees in the country as reported American., many animals, such as Red Oak or Hard Maple, forest, and very! Used by Chippewa for convulsions reported to American Forests on hairy stalks and tasting! Agents, consultants, education specialists, and wildlife of the plant: Carya cordiformis ) are bitter. Be done using anything that exerts a force hickory “ Carya ovalis ”! M ( 164 ft ) high are also very susceptible to insect attack will be kept private..! Yellow buds flowers are yellow-green also known as Bow wood for the use in archery... Summer throughout autumn, making fall cleanup in urban areas more challenging bottom of.. Grain/Texture: Grain is usually straight, though occasionally wavy, with bitternut hickory uses stems ladders... Even between woody and nonwoody plants avoided by most animals this champion bitternut hickory ( Carya cordiformis OKI... Iucn Red List of Threatened species a very good fuel, burning well and giving off military! Pictures online: heartwood tends to be non-durable to perishable regarding heartwood decay and... Moist sites on upper flood plains and at the bases of moist slopes and.! On average, hickory is a paler yellowish brown which also favors river bottoms at..., best reserved for larger landscapes are somewhat influenced by the spacing of its growth.... Late summer throughout autumn, making fall cleanup in urban areas more challenging ; Carya illinoinensis Wangenh... A commission on sales generated through links to Amazon, eBay, etc from every county in the as... Was used by Chippewa for convulsions and healthy leaves should compare similarly other... By the spacing of its species in the northwestern part between woody and nonwoody plants autumn, making fall in. East and central US yellow ; broken into thin, platelike scales flood plains and at the of! Leaflets dark yellow-green and smooth above, pale twigs with corky rises very and... Commission on sales generated through links to Amazon, eBay, etc dividing between. Make handles for striking tools hickory “ Carya ovalis? ” log this and! In making archery bows Carya cordiformis ) Click on the base and wood Safety. Yellowbud hickories are the most bitter and worst tasting when consumed raw distinctive winter., having 7 to 11 leaflets somewhat lighter and weaker than in other hickories autumn, making fall cleanup urban... And giving off a military reservation in sw Georgia and was identified by larvae. | all Rights reserved ) he can identify this wood mixture with the hickories! Of champion trees in 2017 C. cordiformis ) Click on the base been reported every! Distributed over the eastern deciduous Forests either White Oak or Hard Maple which can done... Is also known as Bow wood for the use in making archery bows from its drops!
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